Formation of Niobate Complex Glass-Ceramic and Effect of Crystal Nucleates on Dielectric Properties

Glass-ceramics have great potential as a dielectric material in energy storage. Grain refinement is an effective measure to improve the energy storage performance of dielectric materials. In this study, NaNbO3–Ba0.27Sr0.75Nb2O6 (NN-BSN) complex glass-ceramic was prepared through the investigation and design of heat-treatment processes. The NN perovskite structure and BSN tungsten bronze structure are comparable, and heat treatment was employed to encapsulate the two phases, thereby achieving grain refinement. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images were measured using Gatan Digital software, revealing a maximum lattice spacing of 0.067 nm in the selected area and a maximum interplanar spacing of 0.003 nm–1 in the SAED pattern. Furthermore, the influence of ZrO2 and TiO2, with equal content, on the material structure and performance stability was studied. Raman analysis revealed that ZrO2 exists as an intermediate network in the structure, resulting in good high-temperature stability of the samples. TiO2 acted as a crystal nucleating agent, promoting grain growth and enhancing the polarization performance of the samples.