Urban Sewage Pollution Dynamics: Reviewing Deposition, Attenuation Patterns, and Environmental Implications

Domestic sewage is prone to deposit in the sewer system due to its complex composition and lengthy collection and transportation route. The migration and transformation of pollutants between deposits and sewage during the deposition process play a vital role in the sound and stable operation of the sewer system, the enhancement of the centralized collection rate of domestic sewage, and the safeguarding of urban water environments. Built on research findings worldwide, this paper summarizes the generation pattern and composition characteristics of the deposition and attenuation of pollutants in domestic sewage within the sewer system. The leading factors influencing sewage pollutant deposition are explored, and the harm engendered by the migration and transformation of pollutants between deposits and sewage is analyzed. Finally, we express hopes for addressing the issue of sewage pollutant deposition and attenuation, aiming to enhance the quality and efficiency of sewage treatment and foster the green and healthy development of sewer systems.