Transformation of remote toehold-mediated strand displacement for expanding the regulatory toolbox

Strand replacement faces complex and diverse application scenarios as a “cog” in the DNA machine and the DNA network. Existing strand displacement tools can be developed with new capabilities different from initial demonstrations. We have modified remote toehold-mediated strand displacement with the ability to operate under asymmetric spacer and asymmetric responses to spacer hybridization. Additionally, we have uncovered a series of unique modulations. These secondary excavations will expand the application of the strand displacement toolbox.