Mechanisms and applications of antitumor immunotherapy of responsive drug-loaded nanoparticles in breast cancer

During the chemotherapy of tumors, the cytotoxic effect of drugs is vital to kill tumor cells, and the delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent is of great importance for optimal therapeutic effects. The high in vivo clearance rate and low delivery efficiency of conventional chemotherapeutic agents affect the therapeutic effect. In recent years, the responsive drug delivery nanosystem has received increasing concern owing to its excellent biocompatibility, stable delivery performance, and controlled drug release strategies. To lucidly explain the cytocidal and immunotherapeutic effects of such responsive nanosystems in breast cancer, this review discusses the various stimuli and responses of drug-loaded liposomal nanosystems. The light/magnetic response of drug-loaded bionic membranes nanosystems and the heat/magnetic response of drug-loaded iron oxide nanosystems are also elaborated. Their cancer cell-killing efficacy and antitumor immunotherapeutic effects are also scrutinized.