Influence of the Transcription Factor ABI5 on Growth and Development in Arabidopsis

ABA-insensitive 5 (ABI5) belongs to the basic leucine zipper class of transcription factors and is named for being the fifth identified Arabidopsis mutant unresponsive to ABA. To understand the influence of ABI5 in its active state on downstream gene expression and plant growth and development, we overexpressed the full-length ABI5 (A.t.MX-4) and the active forms of ABI5 with deleted transcriptional repression domains (A.t.MX-1, A.t.MX-2, and A.t.MX-3). Compared with the wild type, A.t.MX-1, A.t.MX-2, and A.t.MX-3 exhibited an increase in rosette leaf number and size, earlier flowering, increased thousand-seed weight, and significantly enhanced drought resistance. Thirty-five upregulated/downregulated proteins in the A.t.MX-1 were identified by proteomic analysis, and these proteins were involved in ABA biosynthesis and degradation, abiotic stress, fatty acid synthesis, and energy metabolism. These proteins participate in the regulation of plant drought resistance, flowering timing, and seed size at the levels of transcription and post-translational modification.