Stability assessment of emerging phase change materials for solar thermal storage in absorption refrigeration: A review

This research reviews the stability of recently discovered phase change materials (PCMs) for use in absorption refrigeration within solar thermal storage systems. Incorporating PCMs into these systems offers a viable method for temperature control and energy storage, addressing the increasing demand for effective and sustainable cooling solutions. This study examines the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of various PCMs, including organic, inorganic, and eutectic substances, to evaluate their stability. Key characteristics influencing PCM stability include thermal, physical, and chemical properties, as well as high energy storage capacity, mass density, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, phase change enthalpy, and shape-stabilized structures. This review assesses the thermal stability of PCMs at the system level, considering factors such as confinement medium, heat transfer fluid, and optimal combinations. It provides a comprehensive analysis of experimental data on desirable PCMs, utilizing advanced selection processes, software enhancements, and operational temperature considerations, especially during periods without solar input. Moreover, the incorporation of nanoparticles enhances thermal performance during phase transitions, significantly improving system efficiency. The future scope of PCMs involves more research into their benefits and downsides, the examination of numerous choices, and an assessment of their energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.