Fusion Genes Landscape of Lung Cancer Patients From Inner Mongolia, China

ABSTRACT Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths globally. Gene fusion, a key driver of tumorigenesis, has led to the identification of numerous driver gene fusions for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, previous studies focused on Western populations, leaving the possibility of unrecognized lung cancer‐associated gene fusions specific to Inner Mongolia due to its unique genetic background and dietary habits. To address this, we conducted DNA sequencing analysis on tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues from 1200 individuals with lung cancer in Inner Mongolia. Our analysis established a comprehensive fusion gene landscape specific to lung cancer in Inner Mongolia, shedding light on potential region‐specific molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. Compared to Western cohorts, we observed a higher occurrence of ALK and RET fusions in Inner Mongolian patients. Additionally, we discovered eight novel fusion genes in three patients: SLC34A2‐EPHB1 , CCT6P3‐GSTP1 , BARHL2‐APC , HRAS‐MELK , FAM134B‐ERBB2 , ABCB1‐GIPC1 , GPR98‐ALK , and FAM134B‐SALL1 . These previously unreported fusion genes suggest potential regional specificity. Furthermore, we characterized the fusion genes' structures based on breakpoints and described their impact on major functional gene domains. Importantly, the identified novel fusion genes exhibited significant clinical and pathological relevance. Notably, patients with SLC34A2‐EPHB1 , CCT6P3‐GSTP1 , and BARHL2‐APC fusions showed sensitivity to the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Patients with HRAS‐MELK , FAM134B‐ERBB2 , and ABCB1‐GIPC1 fusions showed sensitivity to chemotherapy. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the frequency, distribution, and characteristics of specific fusion genes, offering valuable guidance for the development of effective clinical treatments, particularly in Inner Mongolia.