变构调节
毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体
G蛋白偶联受体
兴奋剂
化学
毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体M2
毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体M1
药物发现
变构调节剂
异三聚体G蛋白
神经科学
药理学
受体
G蛋白
医学
心理学
生物化学
作者
Wessel A. C. Burger,Vi Pham,Ziva Vuckovic,Alexander S. Powers,Jesse I. Mobbs,Yianni Laloudakis,Alisa Glukhova,Denise Wootten,Andrew B. Tobin,Patrick M. Sexton,Steven M. Paul,Christian C. Felder,Radostin Danev,Ron O. Dror,Arthur Christopoulos,Céline Valant,David M. Thal
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41467-023-41199-5
摘要
The M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M4 mAChR) has emerged as a drug target of high therapeutic interest due to its expression in regions of the brain involved in the regulation of psychosis, cognition, and addiction. The mAChR agonist, xanomeline, has provided significant improvement in the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores in a Phase II clinical trial for the treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia. Here we report the active state cryo-EM structure of xanomeline bound to the human M4 mAChR in complex with the heterotrimeric Gi1 transducer protein. Unexpectedly, two molecules of xanomeline were found to concomitantly bind to the monomeric M4 mAChR, with one molecule bound in the orthosteric (acetylcholine-binding) site and a second molecule in an extracellular vestibular allosteric site. Molecular dynamic simulations supports the structural findings, and pharmacological validation confirmed that xanomeline acts as a dual orthosteric and allosteric ligand at the human M4 mAChR. These findings provide a basis for further understanding xanomeline's complex pharmacology and highlight the myriad of ways through which clinically relevant ligands can bind to and regulate GPCRs.
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