Paclitaxel may inhibit migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells via nod‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3/caspase‐1/Gasdermin E mediated pyroptosis pathway

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is a gastric epithelium‐derived malignancy insensitive to post‐surgical radiotherapy. Paclitaxel, an anti‐microtubule drug, has been proven to induce apoptosis of GC cells; however, its exact mechanism of action is unclear. Therefore, the molecular mechanism by which paclitaxel inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells was investigated in this study. First off, SNU‐719 cells were co‐cultured with paclitaxel and/or Caspase1 inhibitor VX765. Then the proliferation ability of the cells was detected by MTT after paclitaxel treatment (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 nM), the migration ability by scratch assay, and the invasion ability by Transwell assay. Next, the levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 in cell culture supernatant were detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured by a corresponding kit. Finally, western blot was performed to detect the concentrations of Gasdermin E (GSDME), GSDME‐N, nod‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase‐1, cleaved caspase‐1 protein in GC cells. As a result, paclitaxel inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SNU‐719 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Moreover, it induced the pyroptosis of SNU‐719 cells. After cell co‐culture with VX765 paclitaxel showed decreased inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of SNU‐719 cells. VX765, additionally, suppressed the NLRP3/caspase‐1/GSDME mediated pyroptosis pathway activated by paclitaxel. In a nutshell, paclitaxel may inhibit the migration and invasion of GC cells SNU‐719 through the NLRP3/caspase‐1/GSDME mediated pyroptosis pathway.