Auditory neuropathy: from etiology to management

Auditory neuropathy is a disorder of auditory dysfunction characterized by the normal function of the outer hair cells and malfunction of the inner hair cells, synapses, postsynapses and/or auditory afferent nervous system. This review summarizes the process of discovery and naming of auditory neuropathy and describes the acquired, associated genetic disorders and management available.In the last 40 years, auditory neuropathy has undergone a process of discovery, naming and progressive elucidation of its complex pathological mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed numerous acquired and inherited causative factors associated with auditory neuropathy. Studies have analyzed the pathogenic mechanisms of various genes and the outcomes of cochlear implantation. New therapeutic approaches, such as stem cell therapy and gene therapy are the future trends in the treatment of auditory neuropathy.A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms is crucial in illustrating auditory neuropathy and assist in developing future management strategies.