MXene Thermal and Chemical Stability and Degradation Mechanism

In recent years, there has been increased attention toward a large family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides known as MXenes. Owing to their distinctive structure and exceptional properties, MXenes not only hold immense potential in various applications but also represent a unique and large model family for fundamental studies of the physics and chemistry of 2D materials. In practice, however, many applications of MXenes are hindered by concerns related to their insufficient thermal and chemical stability, especially when exposed to environment. In this chapter, we provide an overview of ongoing research endeavors aimed at investigating the chemical and thermal stability of MXenes, and proposing strategies to suppress their degradation and broaden applicability. The discussion covers MXene surface modification, degradation mechanisms, and thermally induced transformations. We analyze approaches including optimization of MAX phase synthesis, exploring diverse etchants, refining storage environments, applying antioxidants, acids, bases, and other additives, and employing thermal annealing techniques to produce more stable and robust MXenes.