The metal- and covalent-organic frameworks-based molecularly imprinted polymer composites for sample pretreatment

Exploiting sorbents with predictable structure, specific recognition, and broad applications is a vivid strategy in analytical approaches. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)-based sample preparation techniques show promise in meeting the requirements of an ideal sample preparation method. However, concerns persist regarding the throughput and real-world applications of traditional MIPs-based sample preparation due to inherent defects. Integrating MIPs with functional materials not only presents viable solutions to these challenges but also expands composite practical applications. In this review, we examine the advancements in synthesis strategies and applications of MOFs- and COFs-based MIPs composites in various sample pretreatment techniques. The less-considered aspects of recognition characteristics of MIPs are surveyed. The attributes of MOFs and COFs as sorbents are discussed. Recent progress in the design and preparation of MOFs- and COFs-based MIPs composites is summarized, by highlighting their practical applications. Future perspectives and challenges to facilitate the development of corresponding analytical methods are outlined.