A Polypyrrole‐Polycarbonate Polyurethane Elastomer Alleviates Cardiac Arrhythmias via Improving Bio‐Conductivity

Abstract Myocardial fibrosis, resulting from myocardial infarction (MI), significantly alters cardiac electrophysiological properties. As fibrotic scar tissue forms, its resistance to incoming action potentials increases, leading to cardiac arrhythmia, and eventually sudden cardiac death or heart failure. Biomaterials are gaining increasing attention as an approach for addressing post‐MI arrhythmias. The current study investigates the hypothesis that a bio‐conductive epicardial patch can electrically synchronize isolated cardiomyocytes in vitro and rescue arrhythmic hearts in vivo. A new conceived biocompatible, conductive, and elastic polyurethane composite bio‐membrane, referred to as polypyrrole‐polycarbonate polyurethane (PPy‐PCNU), is developed, in which solid‐state conductive PPy nanoparticles are distributed throughout an electrospun aliphatic PCNU nanofiber patch in a controlled manner. Compared to PCNU alone, the resulting biocompatible patch demonstrates up to six times less impedance, with no conductivity loss over time, as well as being able to influence cellular alignment. Furthermore, PPy‐PCNU promotes synchronous contraction of isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and alleviates atrial fibrillation in rat hearts upon epicardial implantation. Taken together, epicardially‐implanted PPy‐PCNU could potentially serve as a novel alternative approach for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.