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Pupillometry reveals the physiological underpinnings of the aversion to holes

瞳孔测量 厌恶 瞳孔反应 唤醒 神经科学 心理学 认知心理学 心理生理学 发展心理学 小学生 社会心理学 愤怒
作者
Vladislav Ayzenberg,Meghan R. Hickey,Stella F. Lourenco
出处
期刊:PeerJ [PeerJ]
卷期号:6: e4185-e4185 被引量:20
标识
DOI:10.7717/peerj.4185
摘要

An unusual, but common, aversion to images with clusters of holes is known as trypophobia. Recent research suggests that trypophobic reactions are caused by visual spectral properties also present in aversive images of evolutionary threatening animals (e.g., snakes and spiders). However, despite similar spectral properties, it remains unknown whether there is a shared emotional response to holes and threatening animals. Whereas snakes and spiders are known to elicit a fear reaction, associated with the sympathetic nervous system, anecdotal reports from self-described trypophobes suggest reactions more consistent with disgust, which is associated with activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Here we used pupillometry in a novel attempt to uncover the distinct emotional response associated with a trypophobic response to holes. Across two experiments, images of holes elicited greater constriction compared to images of threatening animals and neutral images. Moreover, this effect held when controlling for level of arousal and accounting for the pupil grating response. This pattern of pupillary response is consistent with involvement of the parasympathetic nervous system and suggests a disgust, not a fear, response to images of holes. Although general aversion may be rooted in shared visual-spectral properties, we propose that the specific emotion is determined by cognitive appraisal of the distinct image content.

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