材料科学
润湿
碱金属
法拉第效率
阳极
阴极
电化学
电极
化学工程
电解质
纳米技术
枝晶(数学)
复合材料
物理
工程类
量子力学
物理化学
化学
数学
几何学
作者
Ying Zhang,Chengwei Wang,Glenn Pastel,Yudi Kuang,Liangbing Hu,Yiju Li,Boyang Liu,Wei Luo,Chaoji Chen,Liangbing Hu
标识
DOI:10.1002/aenm.201800635
摘要
Abstract The infinite volume change and dendritic behavior in alkali metal anodes lead to low Coulombic efficiency and short‐circuit issues that significantly hamper renewed efforts at commercialization. Here, a dendrite‐free alkali metal anode, made by thermally preloading molten Li or Na into a 3D framework with high alkali wettability, is reported. In the mechanically robust 3D framework, carbon fiber (CF) serves as an electrical highway that provides fast charge transfer for the redox reaction. Through a facile solution‐based process, a SnO 2 coating is introduced to modify the poor wetting behavior of the carbon framework and drastically improve both the electrochemical performance and reliability. The kinetic barrier to adhesion of molten alkali metals on the CF framework is eliminated by the mixed reaction with SnO 2 . The growth of dendrites is effectively repressed under the decreased local current density of the 3D framework. In full‐cell configurations with LiFePO 4 cathodes, the Li–CF electrode shows reduced polarization and 90% capacity retention after 500 cycles in traditional carbonate electrolyte. Comparable improvements are also observed in 3D electrodes for Na metal batteries. These findings on a stable 3D carbon framework with improved wetting behavior provide significant practical implications for achieving safe and commercially viable alkali metal anodes.
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