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The Role of Chemistry in the Development of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Cancer

中子俘获 化学 放射化学 癌症 癌细胞 癌症治疗 生物物理学 物理 癌症研究 纳米技术 医学 核物理学 材料科学 生物 内科学
作者
M. Frederick Hawthorne
出处
期刊:Angewandte Chemie [Wiley]
卷期号:32 (7): 950-984 被引量:817
标识
DOI:10.1002/anie.199309501
摘要

Abstract A therapeutic method that selectively destroys malignant cells in the presence of normal cells is a highly valued goal of oncologists and the possible salvation of cancer patients afflicted with some incurable forms of the disease. Selective cell destruction is, in principle, possible with a binary therapeutic strategy based upon the neutron capture reaction observed with the 10 B nucleus and a neutron of low kinetic energy (thermal neutron). This nuclear fission reaction produces both 4 He and 7 Li + nuclei along with about 2.4 MeV of kinetic energy and weak γ‐radiation. Since the energetic and cytotoxic product ions travel only about one cell diameter in tissue one may specify the cell type to be destroyed by placing innocent 10 B nuclei on or within only the doomed cells. This article describes the current status of chemical research aimed at the eventual adoption of this therapeutic method (boron neutron capture therapy or BNCT). The multidisciplinary nature of this research effort involves chemistry, biology, nuclear physics, medicine, and related specialties. Methods devised for bringing 10 B nuclei to tumor cells in therapeutic amounts are correlated with the structure of a generalized cell and the various cellular compartments available for boron localization. The synthesis methods employed for the creation of boron‐containing biomolecules and drugs are presented along with representative data concerning their efficacy in tumor localization. The outlook for BNCT is especially bright at this time because of rapid developments in the fields of bioorganometallic chemistry, microbiology, immunology, and nuclear science, to name but a few. Very effective boron delivery vehicles have been demonstrated, and through the interaction of chemistry and biology these species are undergoing further improvement and evaluation of their suitability for BNCT.

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