Growth cells in Rh-doped LiNbO3 single crystals

Abstract Rh-doped LiNbO 3 single crustals were grown by the Czochralski technique, varying the pulling rate R and the temperature gradient G . Growth cells appeared when the ratio G / R was less than about 2.0 °C hr/mm 2 . They were trigonal in shape, with apexes running along the — y direction of LiNbO 3 . The dopant concentration was higher in growth cells than at cell boundaries.