The Structure of a Retinal-Forming Carotenoid Oxygenase

Enzymes that produce retinal and related apocarotenoids constitute a sequence- and thus structure-related family, a member of which was analyzed by x-ray diffraction. This member is an oxygenase and contains an Fe 2+ -4-His arrangement at the axis of a seven-bladed β-propeller chain fold covered by a dome formed by six large loops. The Fe 2+ is accessible through a long nonpolar tunnel that holds a carotenoid derivative in one of the crystals. On binding, three consecutive double bonds of this carotenoid changed from a straight all-trans to a cranked cis-trans-cis conformation. The remaining trans bond is located at the dioxygen-ligated Fe 2+ and cleaved by oxygen.