Quantitative susceptibility mapping of kidney inflammation and fibrosis in type 1 angiotensin receptor‐deficient mice

纤维化 炎症 病理 血管紧张素II 医学 髓质 磁共振成像 受体 内科学 放射科
作者
Luke Xie,Matthew A. Sparks,Wěi Li,Yi Qi,Chunlei Liu,Thomas M. Coffman,G. Allan Johnson
出处
期刊:NMR in Biomedicine [Wiley]
卷期号:26 (12): 1853-1863 被引量:50
标识
DOI:10.1002/nbm.3039
摘要

Disruption of the regulatory role of the kidneys leads to diverse renal pathologies; one major hallmark is inflammation and fibrosis. Conventional magnitude MRI has been used to study renal pathologies; however, the quantification or even detection of focal lesions caused by inflammation and fibrosis is challenging. We propose that quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) may be particularly sensitive for the identification of inflammation and fibrosis. In this study, we applied QSM in a mouse model deficient for angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT 1 ). This model is known for graded pathologies, including focal interstitial fibrosis, cortical inflammation, glomerulocysts and inner medullary hypoplasia. We acquired high‐resolution MRI on kidneys from AT 1 ‐deficient mice that were perfusion fixed with contrast agent. Two MR sequences were used (three‐dimensional spin echo and gradient echo) to produce three image contrasts: T 1 , T 2 * (magnitude) and QSM. T 1 and T 2 * (magnitude) images were acquired to segment major renal structures and to provide landmarks for the focal lesions of inflammation and fibrosis in the three‐dimensional space. The volumes of major renal structures were measured to determine the relationship of the volumes to the degree of renal abnormalities and magnetic susceptibility values. Focal lesions were segmented from QSM images and were found to be closely associated with the major vessels. Susceptibilities were relatively more paramagnetic in wild‐type mice: 1.46 ± 0.36 in the cortex, 2.14 ± 0.94 in the outer medulla and 2.10 ± 2.80 in the inner medulla (10 –2 ppm). Susceptibilities were more diamagnetic in knockout mice: –7.68 ± 4.22 in the cortex, –11.46 ± 2.13 in the outer medulla and –7.57 ± 5.58 in the inner medulla (10 –2 ppm). This result was consistent with the increase in diamagnetic content, e.g. proteins and lipids, associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Focal lesions were validated with conventional histology. QSM was very sensitive in detecting pathology caused by small focal inflammation and fibrosis. QSM offers a new MR contrast mechanism to study this common disease marker in the kidney. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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