明细余额
辐射传输
带隙
物理
能量平衡
自发辐射
原子物理学
重组
电子
能量转换效率
计算物理学
太阳能电池
太阳能电池效率
极限(数学)
化学
光电子学
凝聚态物理
光学
热力学
数学
量子力学
数学分析
基因
生物化学
激光器
作者
W. Shockley,H. J. Queisser
摘要
In order to find an upper theoretical limit for the efficiency of p‐n junction solar energy converters, a limiting efficiency, called the detailed balance limit of efficiency, has been calculated for an ideal case in which the only recombination mechanism of hole‐electron pairs is radiative as required by the principle of detailed balance. The efficiency is also calculated for the case in which radiative recombination is only a fixed fraction fc of the total recombination, the rest being nonradiative. Efficiencies at the matched loads have been calculated with band gap and fc as parameters, the sun and cell being assumed to be blackbodies with temperatures of 6000°K and 300°K, respectively. The maximum efficiency is found to be 30% for an energy gap of 1.1 ev and fc = 1. Actual junctions do not obey the predicted current‐voltage relationship, and reasons for the difference and its relevance to efficiency are discussed.
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