Mechanochemical Reactions and Processing of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries☆

In this study, different mechanochemical reactions were used to prepare nanostructured electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. They include mechanochemically assisted acid-base interactions of basic LiOH with anhydrous acidic manganese and cobalt (hydro)oxides to prepare layered and spinel-structured cathode materials. Redox reactions (carbothermal reduction) are used to prepare frame-work structured cathode materials, using M3+,4+,5+ precursors and carbon both as a reducing and coating agents. Fluorophosphates of Li(Na) and d-metals are readily formed by incorporation of ionic salts into the framework of pre-synthesized covalent compounds directly upon MA (association reactions). Mechanical activation is also successfully applied to prepare different composite cathode materials consisting of two (or more) active components in order to use the advantages of both of them.