Recent Advances in Enzyme Immobilization Utilizing Nanotechnology for Biocatalysis

Enzyme immobilization has been extensively employed in research and industry to improve enzyme stability and allow enzyme recycling. Broad ranges of chemicals and support materials have been utilized for enzyme immobilization. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology and materials science have influenced enzyme immobilization technology. Novel approaches for enzyme immobilization have enabled us to access more benefits, for example, excellent activity and stability, cost effectiveness, and the establishment of continuous flow processes. Herewith, this review provides an update on the enzyme immobilization strategies that have been attracting expanding interest in biocatalysis. Organic–inorganic nanocrystal formation, metal–organic frameworks, enzyme immobilization on graphene-based nanomaterials, and enzyme immobilization on functionalized solid surfaces are discussed in detail.