Application of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to dairy products research: An emerging modulator of gut microbiota and human metabolic disease risk

Lipids in dairy products, as the crucial components in the most essential biological processes, were among the many nutrients delivered to the infants and adults. The structures of lipids are not only intricate but also varied, which makes the holistic and systematic analyses challenging. In recent years, lipidomics, as the new promoter of lipomics in the omics era, has become one of the fastest growing scientific disciplines in food science research. In addition, lipidomics is also one of the major methods to explore the dynamic changes and chemical compositions of lipids in dairy products in recent years. It is a relatively new frontier of intermolecular interactions research, using advanced liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technology to explore lipids. In this paper, the latest progress of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based lipidomics was reviewed, with emphasis on the application of lipidomics and metabolic disease risk in dairy research. This includes a detailed workflow for routine lipidomics analysis, as well as examples of applications devoted dairy foods components, quality, safety, and revealing the health benefits of dairy products lipids. Advanced and effective methods of MS promote the in-depth study of gut microbiota and human metabolic disease risk and provide tangible solutions for further research in this field.