Outcomes of Sepsis in Patients With and Without HIV Infection: A Retrospective Study

Background HIV infection is associated with increased infections. Objectives To (1) compare patients with sepsis with and without HIV, (2) assess whether HIV is associated with mortality in sepsis, and (3) identify factors associated with mortality in patients with HIV and sepsis. Methods Patients who met Sepsis-3 criteria were studied. HIV infection was defined as administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy, a diagnosis of AIDS encoded by the International Classification of Diseases, or a positive HIV blood test result. Propensity scores were used to match patients with HIV to similar patients without HIV, and mortality was compared with χ2 tests. Logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with mortality. Results Sepsis developed in 34 673 patients without HIV and 326 patients with HIV. Of these, 323 (99%) patients with HIV were matched to similar patients without HIV. The 30-60- and 90-day mortality was 11%, 15%, and 17%, respectively, in patients with sepsis and HIV, which was similar to the 11% (P > .99), 15% (P > .99), and 16% (P = .83) in patients without HIV. Logistic regression to adjust for confounders showed that obesity (odds ratio, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.46; P = .002) and high total protein on admission (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56-0.91; P = .007) were associated with lower mortality. Mechanical ventilation at sepsis onset, renal replacement therapy, positive blood culture, and platelet transfusion were associated with increased mortality. Conclusions HIV infection was not associated with increased mortality in patients with sepsis.