Utilizing titanium white waste for LiFePO4 battery production: The impact of manganese impurity

Utilization of titanium white waste to prepare LiFePO4/C is of significant importance in environmental and energy sustainability. In this work, we present an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for selective synthesis of iron phosphate from titanium white waste, and systematically evaluated the impact of Mn(II) on the product. The results demonstrated removal of over 95% and 99% for Al and Ti, respectively, and a notable 94% recovery of iron during the purification process. The synthesized LiFePO4/C material exhibited a discharge capacity of 161.1 mAh/g with a retention capacity of 98.6% after 300 cycles. The presence of Mn(II) could refine the primary particles of iron phosphate, thereby enhancing their agglomeration and consequently diminishing the rate capability of LiFePO4/C, especially when the Mn/Fe ratio exceeded 9.52 mg/g. This work provides new insights on the recycling and clean utilization of iron resources from titanium white waste to prepare LiFePO4/C materials.