Photoactive Nanomaterials for Wireless Neural Biomimetics, Stimulation, and Regeneration

纳米技术 仿生学 纳米材料 材料科学 再生(生物学) 转导(生物物理学) 计算机科学 神经科学 生物 生物物理学 细胞生物学
作者
Di Zhao,Rui Huang,Jia-Min Gan,Qun‐Dong Shen
出处
期刊:ACS Nano [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:16 (12): 19892-19912 被引量:25
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.2c08543
摘要

Nanomaterials at the neural interface can provide the bridge between bioelectronic devices and native neural tissues and achieve bidirectional transmission of signals with our brain. Photoactive nanomaterials, such as inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanosheets or related, are being explored to mimic, modulate, control, or even substitute the functions of neural cells or tissues. They show great promise in next generation technologies for the neural interface with excellent spatial and temporal accuracy. In this review, we highlight the discovery and understanding of these nanomaterials in precise control of an individual neuron, biomimetic retinal prosthetics for vision restoration, repair or regeneration of central or peripheral neural tissues, and wireless deep brain stimulation for treatment of movement or mental disorders. The most intriguing feature is that the photoactive materials fit within a minimally invasive and wireless strategy to trigger the flux of neurologically active molecules and thus influences the cell membrane potential or key signaling molecule related to gene expression. In particular, we focus on worthy pathways of photosignal transduction at the nanomaterial–neural interface and the behavior of the biological system. Finally, we describe the challenges on how to design photoactive nanomaterials specific to neurological disorders. There are also some open issues such as long-term interface stability and signal transduction efficiency to further explore for clinical practice.
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