Self-Healing Poly(urea formaldehyde) Microcapsules: Synthesis and Characterization

热重分析 材料科学 环氧树脂 玻璃化转变 脲醛 动态力学分析 复合材料 热稳定性 复合数 傅里叶变换红外光谱 聚合物 预聚物 化学工程 聚氨酯 胶粘剂 图层(电子) 工程类
作者
Jehan Kothari,Jude O. Iroh
出处
期刊:Polymers [Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute]
卷期号:15 (7): 1668-1668 被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.3390/polym15071668
摘要

Smart coatings and smart polymers have been garnering great interest in recent times due to their novel characteristics, such as being self-restoring, self-cleaning, and self-healing. However, most self-healing materials have a low glass transition temperature (Tg) and are inadequate for the repair of advanced composites. Because of their low Tg, the conventional self-healing materials plasticize and weaken the composites. In this study, moderate to high temperature self-healing microcapsules, capable of healing and thus stopping crack propagation, are prepared. The microcapsules were prepared using a two-step process involving the synthesis of poly(urea formaldehyde) (PUF) prepolymer, followed by the encapsulation of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in an oil-in-water emulsion to form a crosslinked PUF shell. Diisocyanates are of particular interest as self-healing encapsulants because of their diversity of structure and fast rate of hydrolysis. Successful encapsulation was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to characterize the thermal properties of microcapsules. The onset temperature for microcapsule degradation varied from 155 °C to 195 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to determine the thermomechanical response of microcapsule/epoxy films. DMA showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the epoxy/microcapsule composite was greater than the Tg for neat epoxy and varied between 34 and 65 °C. The TGA analysis of the epoxy/microcapsule composite shows that the thermal stability and char retention of the epoxy/microcapsule composite increased and the low temperature decomposition peak at 150 °C, associated with the microcapsule, disappeared after the DMA test, indicating the occurrence of a reaction between HDI and the epoxy to form a crosslinked polyurea network structure.
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