[Analysis of the status of excess heart age and its risk factors among residents aged 35 to 64 years in China].

Objective: To analyze the status of excess heart age and its risk factors among Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years. Methods: The study subjects were Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years who completed the heart age assessment by WeChat official account "Heart Strengthening Action" through the internet from January 2018 to April 2021. Information such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), smoking history, and diabetes history was collected. The heart age and excess heart age were calculated according to the characteristics of individual cardiovascular risk factors and the heart aging was defined as excess heart age≥5 years and 10 years respectively. The heart age and standardization rate were calculated respectively based on the population standardization of the 7th census in 2021.CA trend test was used to analyze the changing trend of excess heart age rate and population attributable risk (PAR) was used to calculate the contribution of risk factors. Results: The mean age of 429 047 subjects was (49.25±8.66) years. The male accounted for 51.17% (219 558/429 047) and the excess heart age was 7.00 (0.00, 11.00) years. The excess heart age rate defined by excess heart age≥5 years and ≥10 years was 57.02% (the standardized rate was 56.83%) and 38.02% (the standardized rate was 37.88%) respectively. With the increase of the age and number of risk factors, the excess heart age rate of the two definitions showed an upward trend according to the result of the trend test analysis (P<0.001). The top two risk factors of the PAR for excess heart age were overweight or obese and smoking. Among them, the male was smoking and overweight or obese, while the female was overweight or obese and having hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: The excess heart age rate is high in Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years and the contribution of overweight or obese, smoking and having hypercholesterolemia ranks high.目的： 分析中国35~64岁居民心脏老化特点及其危险因素的贡献性。 方法： 以2018年1月至2021年4月通过微信公众号“健心行动”完成心脏年龄评估的35~64岁中国居民作为研究对象，收集年龄、性别、体重指数（BMI）、血压、总胆固醇（TC）、吸烟史、糖尿病史等信息。根据个体的心血管危险因素特征预测其心脏年龄和心脏老化年龄，分别将心脏老化年龄≥5岁和10岁定义为心脏老化，经2021年第7次普查人口标化后，分别计算心脏老化率和标化率。使用CA趋势检验分析心脏老化率的变化趋势，使用人群归因危险度（PAR）表征危险因素的贡献性。 结果： 429 047名研究对象年龄为（49.25±8.66）岁，男性占51.17%（219 558名）；心脏老化年龄M（Q1，Q3）为7.00（0.00，11.00）岁；以心脏老化年龄≥5岁和≥10岁定义的心脏老化率分别为57.02%（标化率为56.83%）、38.02%（标化率为37.88%）。趋势检验分析结果显示，随着年龄增长和危险因素数量增加，两种定义方式的心脏老化率均呈上升趋势（均P<0.001）。心脏老化危险因素PAR位居前两位的是超重或肥胖、吸烟，其中男性为吸烟、超重或肥胖，女性为超重或肥胖、高胆固醇血症。 结论： 中国35~64岁居民心脏老化率较高；超重肥胖、吸烟和高胆固醇血症的贡献较高。.