The role of MRI in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an update from the last two years

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is aggressive and requires radical cystectomy and neoadjuvant therapy, yet over 40% of patients face recurrence. The loss of the bladder also significantly reduces quality of life. Accurate staging, crucial for treatment decisions, is typically done through transurethral resection (TURBT), but inconsistencies in pathology affect diagnosis in 25% of cases. MRI is the most precise imaging method for evaluating local tumor invasiveness. This review discusses recent advances in MRI for staging MIBC and predicting responses to neoadjuvant therapy.