Sensory nerve EP4 facilitates heterotopic ossification by regulating angiogenesis-coupled bone formation

Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the abnormal development of bone in soft tissue rather than within bone itself. Previous research has shown that sensory nerve prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) signaling not only governs pain perception but also influences bone formation. However, the relationship between sensory nerve EP4 and the pathogenesis of HO in the Achilles tendon remains unclear. This study aims to investigate this relationship and the underlying mechanisms.