Portable Integrated Sensor Based on C60 Encapsulated into Cu-Based Porphyrin-Derived MOFs for the Photoelectrochemical Detection of Glyphosate

The high demand for stability and sensitivity is a key factor restricting the development of portable integrated sensors. In this work, a portable integrated photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was established with C60 encapsulated in a porphyrin-derived MOF (CuTCPP) to obtain stable and quantifiable signals for PEC detection of glyphosate (GLY). Due to the unique light absorption ability and delocalized conjugated structure, C60 has excellent electron buffering capacity, which can act as both an acceptor and donor. The encapsulation of nanosized C60 regulates the charge distribution of CuTCPP and is conductive to the dynamic conversion of Cu2+/Cu+ to obtain amplified redox peak current with rapid GLY desorption. Under illumination, C60 suppresses the recombination of photogenerated carriers to facilitate charge transfer from CuTCPP to C60, which facilitates the subsequent adsorption of GLY and further stabilizes the dynamic conversion of Cu2+/Cu+ sites. Thus, C60/CuTCPP exhibited a remarkable PEC sensing performance for the detection of GLY, with a wide linear range from 10 to 108 pM and a low detection limit of 0.01 pM. Additionally, the proposed portable integrated PEC sensor shows superior stability and reproducibility, which can be applied to the practical detection of GLY in local real samples and is expected to boost the development of portable integrated sensors for real-time and in-field detection of GLY.