CENPF May Act as a Novel Marker and Highlight the Influence of Pericyte in Infantile Hemangioma

Infantile hemangioma (IH), a benign microvascular tumor, is marked by early and extensive proliferation of immature hemangioma endothelial cells (Hem-ECs) that naturally regress through differentiation into fibroblasts or adipocytes. However, a challenge persists, as the unique biological behavior of IH remains elusive, despite its general sensitivity to propranolol treatment. Recent evidence suggests that abnormal volume proliferation in IH is primarily attributed to the accumulation of hemangioma pericytes (Hem-Pericytes), in addition to Hem-ECs. Centromere protein F (CENPF) is involved in regulating mitotic processes and has been associated with malignant tumor cell proliferation. It is a key player in maintaining genomic stability during cell division. Our findings revealed specific expression of CENPF in Hem-Pericytes, with a proliferation index (PI) approximately half that of Ki67 (3.28 vs 6.97%) during the proliferative phase of IH. This index decreased rapidly in the involuting phase ( P < .05), suggesting that the contribution of pericytes to IH development was comparable to that of Hem-ECs. Tumor expansion and shrinkage may be due to the proliferation, reduction, and differentiation of Hem-Pericytes. In conclusion, we speculate CENPF as a novel marker for clinical pathological diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target, fostering advancements in drug development.