Cognitive deficits and cortical volume loss in COVID‐19‐related hyposmia

嗅觉减退 医学 眶额皮质 2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19) 萎缩 认知 内科学 嗅球 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2) 蒙特利尔认知评估 听力学 胃肠病学 痴呆 精神科 前额叶皮质 疾病 中枢神经系统 传染病(医学专业)
作者
Haşim Gezegen,Ulaş Ay,Bedia Samancı,Elif Kurt,Sanem Sultan Yörük,Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu,Cömert Şen,Erdi Şahin,Mehmet Barbüroğlu,Faruk Uğur Doğan,Başar Bılgıç,Haşmet Hanağası,Hakan Gürvıt
出处
期刊:European Journal of Neurology [Wiley]
标识
DOI:10.1111/ene.16378
摘要

Abstract Background and purpose Studies have found that up to 73% of COVID‐19 patients experience hyposmia. It is unclear if the loss of smell in COVID‐19 is due to damage to the peripheral or central mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the impacts of COVID‐19‐induced hyposmia on brain structure and cognitive functions. Methods The study included 36 hyposmic (h‐COV) and 21 normosmic (n‐COV) participants who had recovered from mild COVID‐19 infection, as well as 25 healthy controls (HCs). All participants underwent neurological examination, neuropsychiatric assessment and Sniffin’ Sticks tests. High‐resolution anatomical images were collected; olfactory bulb (OB) volume and cortical thickness were measured. Results Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination—Revised total and language sub‐scores were slightly but significantly lower in the h‐COV group compared to the HC group ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.037). The h‐COV group exhibited poorer performance in the Sniffin’ Sticks test terms of discrimination score, identification score and the composite score compared to the n‐COV and HC groups ( p < 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively). A decrease in left and right OB volumes was observed in the h‐COV group compared to the n‐COV and HC groups ( p = 0.003 and p = 0.006 respectively). The cortical thickness analysis revealed atrophy in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex in the h‐COV group compared to HCs. A significant low positive correlation of varying degrees was detected between discrimination and identification scores and both OB and left orbital sulci. Conclusion Temporary or permanent hyposmia after COVID‐19 infection leads to atrophy in the OB and olfactory‐related cortical structures and subtle cognitive problems in the long term.
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