3D‐Printed Tissue‐Specific Nanospike‐Based Adhesive Materials for Time‐Regulated Synergistic Tumor Therapy and Tissue Regeneration In Vivo

Abstract The growing concerns regarding cancer recurrence, unpredictable bone deficiencies, and postoperative bacterial infections subsequent to the surgical removal of bone tumors have highlighted the need for multifaceted bone scaffolds that afford tumor therapy, bacterial therapy, and effective vascularized bone reconstruction. However, challenging trilemma has emerged in the realm of bone scaffolds regarding the balance between achieving appropriate mechanical strength, ensuring biocompatibility, and optimizing a degradation rate that aligns with bone‐regenerative rate. Considering these challenges, innovative theragenerative platform is developed by utilizing 3D printing‐based nanospikes for the first time. This platform comprises tissue‐specific nanospiked hydroxyapatite decorated with magnesium (nMg) and adhesive DNA (aDNA). The incorporation of nMg within polylactic acid (PLA) matrix confers photothermal capabilities and helps to modulate mechanical and degradation properties and improve the biocompatibility of theragenerative platform. Simultaneously, the immobilized aDNA contributed to the enhancement of vascularized bone healing. These 3D‐printed tissue‐adhesive theragenerative platforms exhibit superior mechanical properties and offer controlled degradability. Moreover, they enable the eradication of bacteria and osteosarcoma through hyperthermia and promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. This groundbreaking approach is poised to pave the way for the fabrication and design of novel implantable biomaterials that integrate therapeutic and regenerative functions.