医学
抗菌剂
内科学
流行病学
逻辑回归
金黄色葡萄球菌
回顾性队列研究
真菌血症
血培养
重症监护医学
抗菌管理
入射(几何)
急诊医学
外科
抗生素耐药性
微生物学
抗生素
生物
真菌病
细菌
物理
光学
遗传学
作者
Tetsu Ohnuma,Shingo Chihara,Blair Costin,Miriam M. Treggiari,Raquel Bartz,Karthik Raghunathan,Vijay Krishnamoorthy
出处
期刊:JAMA network open
[American Medical Association]
日期:2023-01-04
卷期号:6 (1): e2249353-e2249353
被引量:10
标识
DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.49353
摘要
Importance Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major public health problem associated with high morbidity. Little evidence exists regarding the epidemiology of BSIs and the use of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. Objective To estimate the association between receipt of appropriate initial empirical antimicrobial therapy and in-hospital mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cross-sectional study used data from the Premier Healthcare database from 2016 to 2020. The analysis included 32 100 adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with BSIs from 183 US hospitals who received at least 1 new systemic antimicrobial agent within 2 days after blood samples were collected during the hospitalization. Patients with polymicrobial infections were excluded from the analysis. Exposures Appropriate empirical therapy was defined as initiation of at least 1 new empirical antimicrobial agent to which the pathogen isolated from blood culture was susceptible either on the day of or the day after the blood sample was collected. Main Outcomes and Measures Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between receipt of appropriate initial empirical antimicrobial therapy and in-hospital mortality for patients infected with gram-negative rods (GNRs), gram-positive cocci (GPC), and Candida species. Results Among 32 100 patients who had BSIs and received new empirical antimicrobial agents, the mean (SD) age was 64 (16) years; 54.8% were male, 69.9% were non-Hispanic White, and in-hospital mortality was 14.3%. The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (58.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (31.8%). Among patients infected with S aureus , methicillin-resistant S aureus was isolated in 43.6%. The crude proportions of appropriate empirical therapy use were 94.4% for GNR, 97.0% for GPC, and 65.1% for Candida species. The proportions of appropriate therapy use for resistant organisms were 55.3% for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales species and 60.4% for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species. Compared with inappropriate empirical therapy, receipt of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy was associated with lower in-hospital risk of death for 3 pathogen groups (GNR: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.52 [95% CI, 0.42-0.64]; GPC: aOR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.47-0.78]; Candida species: aOR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.21-0.87]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of patients hospitalized with BSIs, receipt of appropriate initial empirical antimicrobial therapy was associated with lower in-hospital mortality. It is important for clinicians to carefully choose empirical antimicrobial agents to improve outcomes in patients with BSIs.
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