Novel finding of atrophic extraocular muscles in Loeys-Dietz syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

A 19-year-old man with Loeys-Dietz syndrome and right exotropic Duane syndrome after bilateral lateral rectus recessions at age 22 months presented with recurrent progressive exotropia 17 years after his initial surgery. Surgical correction was aborted intraoperatively when extreme atrophy of the right medial rectus, lateral rectus, and superior rectus muscles was observed, later corroborated by orbital magnetic resonance imaging.