Application of bioremediation technology in the environment contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon

The demand for petroleum and petroleum products is increasing day by day, while oil spills and improper discharge of industrial wastes contributes to the rising contamination of the environment with petroleum hydrocarbon. Petroleum hydrocarbon spills cause various carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects, and thus effective treatment strategies are required. The various physical and chemical methods currently in use are costly and leave toxic residues in the environment. In contrast, bioremediation is a promising technology in the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination because of its high effectiveness, lower cost and environmental synergy. Here, we review the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon and various factors influencing this process.