剪接体
内含子
RNA剪接
生物
小剪接体
外显子
遗传学
多嘧啶束
snRNP公司
拼接因子
基因
第二组内含子
剪接位点突变
小核RNA
核糖核酸
细胞生物学
非编码RNA
作者
Christopher B. Burge,Thomas Tuschl,Phillip A. Sharp
出处
期刊:Cold Spring Harbor Monograph Archive
日期:1999-01-01
卷期号:37: 525-560
被引量:545
标识
DOI:10.1101/087969589.37.525
摘要
The splicing of precursors to mRNAs occurs in two steps, both involving single transesterification reactions (Fig. 1). The first step generates a 2′ – 5′ bond at the branch site upstream of the 3′ splice site and a free 3′ hydroxyl group on the 5′ exon. The resulting lariat RNA intermediate, with its slow migration in gels, is the most common assay for splicing in vitro. In the second step, attack of the 3′ hydroxyl on the phosphodiester bond at the 3′ splice site displaces the lariat intron with a 3′ hydroxyl group and results in joining of the two exons. The bimolecular nature of the intermediate in splicing indicated that the reaction must occur within a stable splicing body or spliceosome. Surprisingly, assembly and functioning of the spliceosome requires approximately 100 polypeptides and five small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), not considering gene-specific RNA-binding factors. There are two distinct types of spliceosomes in most cells. The major class or U2-type spliceosome is universal in eukaryotes, whereas the minor class or U12-type spliceosome may not be present in some organisms. The evolutionary relationship of these two spliceosomes is uncertain. The sequence specificity for the splicing of introns must be encoded within the gene. In vertebrate genes, particularly for U2-type introns, the sequence specificity for splicing is not determined solely by the consensus sequences at the intron boundaries but is more broadly distributed within the gene. In contrast, the consensus sequences of the introns in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are generally adequate to specify...
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