刻板印象威胁
社会心理学
心理学
社会认同理论
集体认同
疏远
概括性
原型(UML)
社会距离
应对(心理学)
社会团体
临床心理学
医学
疾病
2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)
病理
政治
政治学
法学
传染病(医学专业)
心理治疗师
作者
Geoffrey L. Cohen,Julio Garcia
标识
DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.566
摘要
Collective threat is the fear that an in-group member's behavior might reinforce a negative stereotype of one's group. In a field study, self-reported collective threat was higher in stereotyped minorities than in Whites and was linked to lower self-esteem in both groups. In 3 experimental studies, a potentially poor performance by an in-group member on a stereotype-relevant task proved threatening, as evidenced by lower self-esteem among minority students in 2 experiments and women in a 3rd experiment. The latter study demonstrated the generality of collective threat. Collective threat also undermined academic performance and affected self-stereotyping, stereotype activation, and physical distancing from the in-group member. Results further suggest that group identification plays a role in whether people use an avoidance or challenge strategy in coping with collective threat. Implications for theories of social identity and stigmatization are discussed.
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