Contribution of recycled moisture to local precipitation in the inland Heihe River Basin

Recycled moisture contributed by continental evaporation and transpiration plays an important role in regulating the hydrological processes and atmospheric humidity budget in arid inland river basins. However, knowledge of moisture recycling within many large inland basins and the factors that control moisture recycling is generally lacking. Based on a three-component isotopic mixing model, we assessed the characteristics of moisture recycling in China’s semi-arid Heihe River Basin. During the active growing season, almost half of the precipitation in the upper reaches was provided by local moisture recycling, and the main contribution came from transpiration. In the middle reaches, almost half of the precipitation in the artificial oasis and the desert-oasis ecotone was also provided by local moisture recycling, and the transpiration fraction (fTr) and evaporation fraction (fEv) of the artificial oasis differed from those of the desert-oasis ecotone. In the lower reaches, less than 25% of the precipitation was provided by local moisture recycling. Mean fTr values were relatively low in the Gobi (15.0%) in the middle reaches and in the riparian forest at Ejina (25.6%) in the lower reaches. The positive correlations between fTr and both precipitation and relative humidity suggest that higher precipitation and relative humidity promote transpiration fraction, whereas higher vapor pressure deficit reduces transpiration fraction. The positive correlation between fEv and temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and the negative correlation between fEv and relative humidity indicate that higher temperature and vapor pressure deficit promotes evaporation fraction, whereas higher relative humidity reduces the evaporation fraction. Our results show that contributions of recycled moisture (especially transpiration) to local precipitation play an important role in regional water resource redistribution in the arid and semi-arid region of northwestern China.