Development of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for planetary surface exploration

Recently, LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) has been proposed as a new method for planetary exploration with Mars specifically targeted. There are many reasons for this including the ability for rapid analysis, stand-off analysis (e.g. up to 20 meters), and the ability to readily combine LIBS with other spectroscopic methods that provide data complementary to a LIBS analysis. In comparison with past and current elemental analysis methods used for planetary landers and rovers, these capabilities of LIBS should greatly increase the scientific return from future missions. We are conducting laboratory and field tests of compact LIBS instrumentation to evaluate the method for Mars missions. Selected geological samples are being analyzed and analytical figures-of-merit are being determined for soils and water ice/soil mixtures. Measurements are being conducted at 4 meters distance with the sample maintained in 7 Torr CO2 (Mars atmosphere) or at 50 mTorr pressure to simulate an airless body (e.g. asteroid). In addition, we are conducting engineering studies and are designing a compact and lightweight prototype LIBS system.