What happened to the transnational? The emergence of the neo-global corporation

Bartlett and Ghoshal's transnational 'solution' for managing the MNC remains popular among scholars and practitioners alike. However, our in-depth qualitative study of Unilever, an exemplary case of a transnational, found that in the period 2000–2012 the company evolved into a very different organizational form with a distinct set of characteristics. We call this the neo-global corporation. In explaining how and why this transformation occurred, we turn to organizational evolutionary theory, and use our case to generate a multi-cycle process model of MNC evolution. Given the dynamism of the MNC and its environments, we anticipate that the neo-global will also eventually transform, and call for more organization-level case studies of MNCs in future international business research.