Neurofibromatosis type I: points to be considered by general pediatricians

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a prevalent genetic disease that is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner, is characterized by multiple cutaneous café-au-lait spots and neurofibromas as well as various degrees of neurological, skeletal, and neoplastic manifestations. The clinical features of NF1 increase in frequency with age, while the clinical diagnosis can remain undetermined in some pediatric patients. Importantly, affected patients are at risk for developing tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system. Therefore, adequate counseling for genetic testing, age-appropriate surveillance, and management are important. This review suggests several issues that should be considered to help general pediatricians provide adequate clinical care and genetic counseling to patients with NF1 and their families.