Brain function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Objective To investigate the characteristics of brain function in children with attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in resting state using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods Fifteen healty school children and 14 children with ADHD were experienced resting-state fMRI scans,A regional homogeneity (ReHo)approach was used to analyze blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI (BOLD-fMRI)data in resting state.The fMRI data were processed with software SPM2 and REST 1.2.Results Compared with controls.ADHD showed decreased ReHo in bilateral inferior parietal lobule (Z=3.73,Z=3.34),bilateral cuneus(Z=3.42,Z=3.86),left middle frontal gyrus(Z=3.24),left middle temporal gyrus(Z=3.24),left precuneus(Z=3.45),right insula(Z=3.09)and risht cerebellum (Z=3.42),and increased ReHo in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus(Z=3.19,Z=2.93).Conclusion Compared with the normal controls,children with ADHD children may have abnormal neural activity in several brain regions which are related to execution control,attention and default mode network. Key words: Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity;  Magnetic resonance imaging;  Resting state;  Regional homogeneity