渗透
石墨烯
膜
材料科学
氧化物
离子
化学工程
海水淡化
离解(化学)
纳米技术
分析化学(期刊)
化学
色谱法
有机化学
生物化学
工程类
冶金
作者
Jijo Abraham,K. S. Vasu,Christopher D. Williams,K. Gopinadhan,Yang Su,Christie Thomas Cherian,James A. Dix,Éric Prestat,Sarah J. Haigh,I. V. Grigorieva,Paola Carbone,A. K. Geǐm,Rahul R. Nair
标识
DOI:10.1038/nnano.2017.21
摘要
Ion permeation and selectivity of graphene oxide membranes with sub-nm channels dramatically alters with the change in interlayer distance due to dehydration effects whereas permeation of water molecules remains largely unaffected. Graphene oxide membranes show exceptional molecular permeation properties, with promise for many applications1,2,3,4,5. However, their use in ion sieving and desalination technologies is limited by a permeation cutoff of ∼9 Å (ref. 4), which is larger than the diameters of hydrated ions of common salts4,6. The cutoff is determined by the interlayer spacing (d) of ∼13.5 Å, typical for graphene oxide laminates that swell in water2,4. Achieving smaller d for the laminates immersed in water has proved to be a challenge. Here, we describe how to control d by physical confinement and achieve accurate and tunable ion sieving. Membranes with d from ∼9.8 Å to 6.4 Å are demonstrated, providing a sieve size smaller than the diameters of hydrated ions. In this regime, ion permeation is found to be thermally activated with energy barriers of ∼10–100 kJ mol–1 depending on d. Importantly, permeation rates decrease exponentially with decreasing sieve size but water transport is weakly affected (by a factor of <2). The latter is attributed to a low barrier for the entry of water molecules and large slip lengths inside graphene capillaries. Building on these findings, we demonstrate a simple scalable method to obtain graphene-based membranes with limited swelling, which exhibit 97% rejection for NaCl.
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