平行进化
收敛演化
平行性(语法)
趋同(经济学)
适应性进化
计算机科学
进化生物学
数学
并行计算
生物
系统发育学
遗传学
经济增长
基因
经济
标识
DOI:10.1002/9780470015902.a0005115.pub2
摘要
Abstract Convergence and parallelism are two forms of independent evolution of similar or identical traits; they are often taken as evidence for adaptive evolution, but can also occur due to design limitations or by chance.
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