模式识别受体
先天免疫系统
受体
免疫受体
免疫系统
病原相关分子模式
生物
细胞生物学
获得性免疫系统
信号转导
干扰素调节因子
信号转导衔接蛋白
免疫学
生物化学
作者
Gengzheng Zhu,Yao Xu,Xiaohong Cen,Kutty Selva Nandakumar,Shuwen Liu,Kui Cheng
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.026
摘要
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are key immune receptors of the innate immune system, which recognize the conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the invading pathogens. Compared to the adaptive immune receptors, PRRs have three distinguishing features, viz., universal expression, fast response and recognizing many kinds of microbes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) recognize viral nucleic acid/bacterial fragments and trigger anti-microbial innate immune responses. Upon recognition of their ligand species, PRRs recruit specific intracellular adaptor proteins to initiate signaling pathways culminating in the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) that control the transcription of genes encoding pro-inflammatory factors including type I interferon and other inflammatory cytokines, which are critical for eliminating the potential threat to the host. Here, we summarize the effects of small molecule regulators acting on signaling pathways initiated by TLR, RLR and NLR as well as their influence on innate and adaptive immune responses leading to therapy.
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