Technical Note: Effects Due to Exhaust and Tail Pipes on Insertion Loss of Mufflers

In this study, the influence of exhaust pipe lengths on insertion loss(IL) which has not been analyzed in previous studies is investigated.IL is calculated analytically for a simple expansion chamber including source impedance, exhaust and tail pipe lengths.The prediction of frequencies based on models of quarter wave tube and half wave tube for exhaust and tail pipe resonances agree well with the effects seen in experimentally measured IL.