纤毛
机械反应
医学
心功能曲线
心脏病
鞭毛内运输
睫状体病
心脏发育
心脏病学
胚胎心脏
内科学
心力衰竭
细胞生物学
表型
生物
胚胎干细胞
遗传学
基因
鞭毛
受体
离子通道
作者
Lydia Djenoune,Kathryn Berg,Martina Brueckner,Shiaulou Yuan
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41569-021-00635-z
摘要
Although cardiac abnormalities have been observed in a growing class of human disorders caused by defective primary cilia, the function of cilia in the heart remains an underexplored area. The primary function of cilia in the heart was long thought to be restricted to left−right axis patterning during embryogenesis. However, new findings have revealed broad roles for cilia in congenital heart disease, valvulogenesis, myocardial fibrosis and regeneration, and mechanosensation. In this Review, we describe advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which cilia function contributes to cardiac left−right axis development and discuss the latest findings that highlight a broader role for cilia in cardiac development. Specifically, we examine the growing line of evidence connecting cilia function to the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. Furthermore, we also highlight research from the past 10 years demonstrating the role of cilia function in common cardiac valve disorders, including mitral valve prolapse and aortic valve disease, and describe findings that implicate cardiac cilia in mechanosensation potentially linking haemodynamic and contractile forces with genetic regulation of cardiac development and function. Finally, given the presence of cilia on cardiac fibroblasts, we also explore the potential role of cilia in fibrotic growth and summarize the evidence implicating cardiac cilia in heart regeneration. Cilia are now known to have broad roles in cardiac development and disease. In this Review, Yuan and colleagues discuss the latest findings that link cilia function and biogenesis to congenital heart disease and describe the role of cilia in the development of cardiac left–right asymmetry, haemodynamic mechanosensation, valvulogenesis and myocardial regeneration.
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