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Teratogenic effects induced by paracetamol, ciprofloxacin, and their mixture on Danio rerio embryos: Oxidative stress implications

氧化应激 达尼奥 超氧化物歧化酶 斑马鱼 过氧化氢酶 化学 谷胱甘肽 胚胎 男科 脂质过氧化 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 药理学 毒理 生物 生物化学 细胞生物学 医学 基因
作者
Jonathan Ricardo Rosas-Ramírez,José Manuel Orozco-Hernández,Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez,Demetrio Raldúa,Hariz Islas‐Flores,Leobardo Manuel Gómez‐Oliván
出处
期刊:Science of The Total Environment [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:806: 150541-150541 被引量:26
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150541
摘要

Even though the toxic effects of paracetamol (PCM) and ciprofloxacin (CPX) have been deeply studied in the last decades, the impact of the PCM-CPX mixture may induce in aquatic organisms is poorly known. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the teratogenic effects and oxidative stress that PCM, CPX, and their mixture induce in Danio rerio embryos. Moreover, we aimed to determine whether the PCM-CPX mixture induces more severe effects on the embryos than the individual drugs. For this purpose, zebrafish embryos (4 hpf) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of PCM, CPX, and their mixture until 96 hpf. In addition, at 72 hpf and 96 hpf, we also evaluated the oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, and hydroperoxides and carbonyl content) in the embryos. Our results demonstrated that PCM, CPX, and their mixture reduced the survival rate of embryos by up to 75%. In addition, both drugs, induced morphological alterations in the embryos, causing their death. The most observed malformations were: scoliosis, craniofacial malformations, hypopigmentation, growth retardation, pericardial edema. Concerning oxidative stress, our integrated biomarkers response (IBR) analysis demonstrated that PCM, CPX, and their mixture induce oxidative damage on the embryos. In conclusion, PCM, CPX, and their mixture can alter zebrafish embryonic development via an oxidative stress response.
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